Mathematics has long been the bane of many a school kid. But some form of math is crucial for any civilization to reach technological maturity. It was certainly true here on earth and will likely be the case for any intelligent extraterrestrials who have any hope of understanding the cosmos and moving beyond their own planet.
“Though mathematics is often presented as consisting of neat, logical sequences of ideas, proofs and theorems, its history is rarely so straightforward,” the authors write. But as the authors point out, the usual story is that English mathematician Isaac Newton and German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had each arrived at calculus independently —-some three centuries after the school at Kerala.
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