published what may have been the world’s first advice column. This kicked off a thriving genre that has produced such variations as Ask Ann Landers, which entertained readers across North America for half a century, and philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah’s weekly The Ethicist column in themagazine. But human advice-givers now have competition: artificial intelligence—particularly in the form of large language models , such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT—may be poised to give human-level moral advice.
In fact, two recent studies conclude that the advice given by state-of-the-art LLMs is at least as good as what Appiah provides in the pages of the. One found “no significant difference” between the perceived value of advice given by OpenAI’s GPT-4 and that given by Appiah, as judged by university students, ethical experts and a set of 100 evaluators recruited online.
On the other hand, an AI’s ability to take in staggering amounts of ethical information could be a plus, Terwiesch says. He notes that he could ask an LLM to generate arguments in the style of specific thinkers, whether that’s Appiah, Sam Harris, Mother Teresa or Barack Obama. “It’s all coming out of the LLM, but it can give ethical advice from multiple perspectives” by taking on different “personas,” he says.
The abilities of LLMs include competence at what Hagendorff calls “second-order” deception tasks: those that require accounting for the possibility that another party knows it will encounter deception. Suppose an LLM is asked about a hypothetical scenario in which a burglar is entering a home; the LLM, charged with protecting the home’s most valuable items, can communicate with the burglar.
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